Essay about Decision Making by Criminals - 3039 Words

Decision Making by Criminals The issue of whether decision making by criminals is a rational process is a heated topic of discussion when one asserts that crime is the role of choice. Before the classical school of criminology, crime was thought to be the product of the paranormal occurrence of demons, witches, ghouls, and other creatures. The time prior to the classical school of criminology, called the preclassical era, is divided in two parts. Before the time of state intervention into private matters, each individual dealt with violations of their rights. This was a problem because of the continuous cycle of violence being perpetuated. Soon the State (and even the Church) took on the task of dispensing law and order to the masses†¦show more content†¦Whether one believes in the deterrence theory depends on their ideology. Up to the 1970?s, the theory was rejected by the criminological community while being accepted by criminal justice practitioners. Both points of view are concurrently right and wro ng. The tiger prevention fallacy is a humorous analogy drawn to illustrate the widespread fallacy that absence of crime demonstrates the effectiveness of deterrence efforts. The story identifies a man snapping his fingers in the middle of New York City and claiming that his efforts have deterred tigers from congregating. The warden?s survey is a humorous analogy drawn to illustrate the widespread fallacy that the presence of crime demonstrates that deterrence does not work. The story identifies a prison warden pointing to his inmates as proof of the absence of deterrence. Now there is care taken to distinguish between general deterrence, which is directed at the community in general, and specific deterrence, which is geared toward preventing a particular offender from committing an offense. Tipping levels is the idea that punishment certainty, severity, and celerity must reach a minimum level before a deterrent effect can be reached. The total prevention of crime through threats of punishment is absolute deterrence, this is not possible. Marginal deterrence is possible. Marginal deterrence is the preventionShow MoreRelatedThe Decision Making Of Criminal Justice Actors806 Words   |  4 PagesSpohn, C., Beichner, D., Davis-Frenzel, E. (2001) and Kane (2005) had both focused on the decision making of criminal justice actors. Spohn et al,. (2001) focused on using individual-level data with qualitative method driven data for prosecutors, well Kane (2005) used a macro-level approach using quantitative data methods on violent crime rates. Qualitative data is able to bring out factors at the individual level that may not seem significant on a macro level with lots of detail. While quantitativeRead MoreThe International Criminal Court : A Paradox Of Coherent Decision Mak ing Processes?1944 Words   |  8 PagesThe International Criminal Court: a Paradox of Coherent Decision Making Processes? 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